Giving
instruction is a way when we order or ask someone to do something for us. This
is very closely related to one type of text that is used to give members a step
in the making or process of something. In this topic, we will use Procedure
text. The procedure which we are going to discuss is the way explains how
people perform different processes in a sequence of steps. A procedure is a
specified series of actions or operations which have to be executed in the same
manner in order to always obtain the same result under the same circumstances
(for example, emergency procedures).
Signage is the design or use of signs and symbols to communicate a
message to a specific group, usually for the purpose of marketing or a kind of
advocacy. A signage also means signs collectively or being considered as a
group. The term signage is documented to have been popularized in 1975 to 1980.
Signs are any kind of visual graphics created to display information to a
particular audience. This is typically manifested in the form of way finding
information in places such as streets or on the inside and outside buildings.
Signs vary in form and size based on location and intent, from more expansive
banners, billboards, and murals, to smaller street signs, street name signs,
sandwich boards and lawn signs. Newer signs may also use digital or electronic
displays. - Traffic control device is the medium used for communicating between
traffic engineer and road users. Unlike other modes of transportation, there is
no control on the drivers using the road. Here traffic control devices come to
the help of the traffic engineer. The major types of traffic control devices
used are- traffic signs, road markings, traffic signals and parking control.
This chapter discusses traffic control signs. Different types of traffic signs
are regulatory signs, warning signs and informatory signs.
Everyone knows what a bridge is, particularly for the engineer. A civil
engineer can design a bridge that used to cross from point A to point B etc. Below
is the history of bridges. Bridge is not a construction but it is a concept,
the concept of crossing over large spans of land or huge masses of water, and
to connect two far-off points, eventually reducing the distance between them.
The bridge provides passage over the obstacle of small caverns, a valley, road,
body of water, or other physical obstacle. Designs of bridges vary depending on
the nature of the terrain and the function of the bridge and where it is
constructed. The Oxford English Dictionary traces the origin of the word bridge
to an Old English word brycg, of the same meaning, derived from German
root brugj?.
An intersection is the area shared by the joining or crossing of two or
more roads. Since the main function of an intersection is to enable the road
user to make a route choice, it is a point of decision. Hence the problems that
are encountered by the motorist while passing through an intersection must be
recognized and the design should be in such a way that the driving task is as
simple as possible. An intersection is an at-grade junction where two or more
roads or streets meet or cross. Intersections may be classified by number of
road segments, traffic controls or lane design (Wikipedia).
Under this topic title, we will learn how to ask for directions and how
to give directions to someone who asked us. When you need to go to somewhere,
sometimes you don’t know the way how to get there. This is the purpose of this
topic. While, if someone asks you about the direction to go to somewhere, you
know how to explain the way.
Command is used to
ask someone to do something or to command someone to do something.
Prohibition is
used to warn someone not do something or to forbid someone not do something.
Command
digunakan untuk meminta seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu atau untuk
memerintahkan seseorang untuk melakukan suatu hal, sedangkan Prohibition
digunakan untuk mengingatkan seseorang untuk tidak melakukan sesuatu atau untuk
melarang seseorang untuk melakukan suatu hal.
