Friday, December 30, 2016

PHRASE STRUCTURE FORMULA



I.        Exocentric Phrase (Relater-Axis Phrases)

§      In Bali
RA = +Rel:rel + Axis:n
Read: A realter-axis phrase consists of a relater slot filled by a relater and an axis slot filled by a noun
§      At Home
RA = +Rel:rel + Axis:n
Read: A realter-axis phrase consists of a relater slot filled by a relater and an axis slot filled by a noun
§      Under the table
RA = +Rel:rel + Axis:N
Read: A realter-axis phrase consists of a relater slot filled by a relater and an axis slot filled by a noun phrase
§      Above the sky
RA = +Rel:rel + Axis:N
Read: A realter-axis phrase consists of a relater slot filled by a relater and an axis slot filled by a noun phrase
§      Beneath the sun
RA = +Rel:rel + Axis:N
Read: A realter-axis phrase consists of a relater slot filled by a relater and an axis slot filled by a noun phrase


II.        Endocentric Phrases

    A.  Modifier-Head Phrases
    1)   Noun Phrases
§      The killer
N = ±Det:art ±Mod1:n +H:n
Read: A noun phrase consists of an optional determiner slot filled by an article followed by an optional modifier slot filled by a noun, a head slot filled by a noun
§      Many computers
N = ±Det:num ±Mod1:n +H:n
Read: A noun phrase consists of an optional determiner slot filled by a numeral followed by an optional modifier slot filled by a noun, a head slot filled by a noun
§      Their cars
N = ±Det:pos ±Mod1:n +H:n
Read: A noun phrase consists of an optional determiner slot filled by an a possessive followed by an optional modifier slot filled by a noun, a head slot filled by a noun
§      The black board
N = ±Det:art ±Mod1:N +H:n
Read: A noun phrase consists of an optional determiner slot filled by an article followed by an optional modifier slot filled by a noun phrase, a head slot filled by a noun
§      Their yellow card
N = ±Det:art ±Mod1:N +H:n
Read: A noun phrase consists of an optional determiner slot filled by an article followed by an optional modifier slot filled by a noun phrase, a head slot filled by a noun

     2)   Verb Phrases
§      Are waiting
V = ±Mod1:aux1 + H:v
Read: A verb phrase consists of a first optional modifier slot filled by an auxiliary and a head slot filled by a verb
§      Is swimming
V = ±Mod1:aux1 + H:v
Read: A verb phrase consists of a first optional modifier slot filled by an auxiliary and a head slot filled by a verb
§      Will be waiting
V = ±Mod1:aux1 ±Mod2:aux2 + H:v
Read: A verb phrase consists of a first optional modifier slot filled by an auxiliary, a second optional modifier slot filled by an auxiliary and a head slot filled by a verb
§      Should have written
V = ±Mod1:aux1 ±Mod2:aux2 + H:v
Read: A verb phrase consists of a first optional modifier slot filled by an auxiliary, a second optional modifier slot filled by an auxiliary and a head slot filled by a verb
§      Will have eaten
V = ±Mod1:aux1 ±Mod2:aux2 + H:v
Read: A verb phrase consists of a first optional modifier slot filled by an auxiliary, a second optional modifier slot filled by an auxiliary and a head slot filled by a verb

     3)   Adjective Phrases
§      So kind
Adj = ±Int:int + H:adj
Read: An adjective phrase consists of an intensifier slot filled by an intensifier and a head slot filled by an adjective
§      Something boring
Adj = ±Int:int + H:adj
Read: An adjective phrase consists of an intensifier slot filled by an intensifier and a head slot filled by an adjective
§      Really crazy
Adj = ±Int:int + H:adj
Read: An adjective phrase consists of an intensifier slot filled by an intensifier and a head slot filled by an adjective
§      Pretty cool
Adj = ±Int:int + H:adj
Read: An adjective phrase consists of an intensifier slot filled by an intensifier and a head slot filled by an adjective

§      Too busy
Adj = ±Int:int + H:adj
Read: An adjective phrase consists of an intensifier slot filled by an intensifier and a head slot filled by an adjective


     4)   Adverb Phrases
§      Very far
Adv = ±Int:int + H:adv
Read: An adverb phrase consists of an intensifier slot filled by an intensifier an a head slot filled by an adverb
§      Rather close
Adv = ±Int:int + H:adv
Read: An adverb phrase consists of an intensifier slot filled by an intensifier an a head slot filled by an adverb
§      Really slowly
Adv = ±Int:int + H:adv
Read: An adverb phrase consists of an intensifier slot filled by an intensifier an a head slot filled by an adverb
§      So gently
Adv = ±Int:int + H:adv
Read: An adverb phrase consists of an intensifier slot filled by an intensifier an a head slot filled by an adverb
§      Too late
Adv = ±Int:int + H:adv
Read: An adverb phrase consists of an intensifier slot filled by an intensifier an a head slot filled by an adverb

    B.   Multiple-Head Phrases
    1.    Coordinate Noun Phrases
§      Mark and tom
coN = +N1 ±N2 : … + con +Nn
Read: A coordinate noun phrase consists of two or more noun phrase consists of two or more noun phrases and a connector
§      Jack or John
coN = +N1 ±N2 : … + con +Nn
Read: A coordinate noun phrase consists of two or more noun phrase consists of two or more noun phrases and a connector
§      Both guitar and drums
coN = +N1 ±N2 : … + con +Nn
Read: A coordinate noun phrase consists of two or more noun phrase consists of two or more noun phrases and a connector
§      The man and the woman
coN = +N1 ±N2 : … + con +Nn
Read: A coordinate noun phrase consists of two or more noun phrase consists of two or more noun phrases and a connector

§      Tables, chairs, chalks, pens, and rulers
coN = +N1 ±N2 : … + con +Nn
Read: A coordinate noun phrase consists of two or more noun phrase consists of two or more noun phrases and a connector

     2.    Coordinate Verb Phrases
§      I went out and heard the sound
coV = +V1 ±V2 : … + con + Vn
Read: A coordinate verb phrase consists of two or more verb phrases and a connector
§      She was reading and enjoying the comic
coV = +V1 ±V2 : … + con + Vn
Read: A coordinate verb phrase consists of two or more verb phrases and a connector
§      They were hitting, kicking, and playing a ball
coV = +V1 ±V2 : … + con + Vn
Read: A coordinate verb phrase consists of two or more verb phrases and a connector
§      The teachers were writing and explaining the materials
coV = +V1 ±V2 : … + con + Vn
Read: A coordinate verb phrase consists of two or more verb phrases and a connector
§      My friend was singing, jumping, and screaming at the party
coV = +V1 ±V2 : … + con + Vn
Read: A coordinate verb phrase consists of two or more verb phrases and a connector

     3.    Coordinate Adjective Phrases
§      Anna is clever and beautiful
coAdj = +Adj1 ±Adj2 : … + con + Adjn
Read: A coordinate adjective phrase consists of two or more adjective phrases and a connector
§      She is young, cool, and sexy
coAdj = +Adj1 ±Adj2 : … + con + Adjn
Read: A coordinate adjective phrase consists of two or more adjective phrases and a connector
§      Travis is handsome, cool, and smart
coAdj = +Adj1 ±Adj2 : … + con + Adjn
Read: A coordinate adjective phrase consists of two or more adjective phrases and a connector
§      Blink 182 is a big, good, and famous band
coAdj = +Adj1 ±Adj2 : … + con + Adjn
Read: A coordinate adjective phrase consists of two or more adjective phrases and a connector
§      The software is portable and easy to use
coAdj = +Adj1 ±Adj2 : … + con + Adjn
Read: A coordinate adjective phrase consists of two or more adjective phrases and a connector

     4.    Coordinate Adverb Phrases
§      They come here and there
coAdv = +Adv1 ±Adv2 : … + con + Advn
Read: A coordinate adverb phrase consists of two or more adverb phrases and a connectors
§      Anna comes very slow and late
coAdv = +Adv1 ±Adv2 : … + con + Advn
Read: A coordinate adverb phrase consists of two or more adverb phrases and a connectors
§      The police arrived very slowly, silently, and gently
coAdv = +Adv1 ±Adv2 : … + con + Advn
Read: A coordinate adverb phrase consists of two or more adverb phrases and a connectors
§      Maria drink it quickly, silently, and carefully
coAdv = +Adv1 ±Adv2 : … + con + Advn
Read: A coordinate adverb phrase consists of two or more adverb phrases and a connectors
§      They play quickly, freely, and fairly
coAdv = +Adv1 ±Adv2 : … + con + Advn
Read: A coordinate adverb phrase consists of two or more adverb phrases and a connectors

III.        Appositive Phrase

§      Mark, the bassist of Blink 182
IA = +It:n +App:N
Read: An item-appositive phrase consists of an item slot filled by a noun and an appositive slot filled by a noun phrase
§      Barrack Obama, the president of the United States of America
IA = +It:N + App:N
Read: An item-appositive phrase consists of an item slot filled by a noun phrase and an appositive slot filled by a noun phrase
§      We, the next young generation
IA = +It:n +App:N
Read: An item-appositive phrase consists of an item slot filled by a noun and an appositive slot filled by a noun phrase
§      The chairman, the person in charge of an organization
IA = +It:N + App:N
Read: An item-appositive phrase consists of an item slot filled by a noun phrase and an appositive slot filled by a noun phrase
§      The students, boys and girls studied at school
IA = +It:N + App:N
Read: An item-appositive phrase consists of an item slot filled by a noun phrase and an appositive slot filled by a noun phrase

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